Civil Litigation

Civil litigation is a legal process through which disputes between individuals, businesses, or entities are resolved in a court of law. Unlike criminal cases, civil litigation typically involves private disputes over rights, obligations, or damages, rather than offenses against the state.
The process begins when a plaintiff files a lawsuit against a defendant, alleging harm or violation of rights. Common types of civil litigation include contract disputes, property disputes, personal injury claims, employment issues, and intellectual property cases. The goal is usually to seek monetary compensation, injunctive relief, or specific performance rather than criminal penalties.
Civil litigation follows several stages: pleading, discovery, pre-trial, trial, and potentially appeal. During the pleading stage, parties file formal documents outlining their claims and defenses. Discovery allows the exchange of evidence and information to build cases. Pre-trial motions and hearings may resolve issues or narrow the scope of the trial.
Trials in civil litigation can be decided by a judge or a jury, depending on the case and jurisdiction. If a party is dissatisfied with the outcome, they may appeal to a higher court.
Civil litigation plays a critical role in ensuring accountability, resolving disputes, and upholding legal rights in a fair and structured manner.