Criminal Law

Criminal law is a branch of law that defines crimes, sets penalties, and regulates the prosecution of individuals accused of committing offenses against the state or society. Its primary aim is to maintain public order, deter unlawful behavior, and deliver justice by punishing offenders and protecting victims.
Criminal offenses are generally categorized into two types: felonies and misdemeanors. Felonies are more severe crimes, such as murder, robbery, and drug trafficking, often punishable by imprisonment exceeding a year or even death in some jurisdictions. Misdemeanors are less severe offenses, such as petty theft or public intoxication, usually resulting in shorter jail sentences, fines, or probation.
The criminal justice process typically involves investigation, arrest, charging, trial, and sentencing. Key principles include the presumption of innocence, where individuals are considered innocent until proven guilty, and the requirement of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Criminal law also encompasses defenses such as self-defense, insanity, or duress, which may excuse or mitigate liability. Enforcement and adjudication involve police, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and courts, all working within established legal frameworks.
By addressing criminal conduct, this area of law seeks to uphold societal values, protect public safety, and provide justice for individuals and communities affected by crime.